General Khoom Ntawm Refractory

Ntawm cov khoom siv thiab tshwj xeeb refractory, cov ntau yam yog raws li nram no:
acidic
Refractory abrasive
Silica cib thiab av nplaum cib tau dav siv. Silica cib yog cov khoom siv siliceous uas muaj ntau dua 93 feem pua ​​​​SiO2. Cov khoom siv raw siv xws li silica thiab khib nyiab silica cib. Silica cib muaj zog tiv thaiv cov kua qaub slag yaig, tab sis yog qhov yooj yim rau alkaline slag yaig. Nws load softening kub yog siab heev, ze rau nws cov hluav taws kub. Tom qab rov calcination, nws ntim tsis ntsws, txawm me ntsis nthuav, tab sis nws thermal shock kuj tsis zoo. Silica cib yog siv rau hauv cov khoom siv thermal xws li coke cub, iav rauv, acid steel rauv, thiab lwm yam. Cov av nplaum cib muaj 30 feem pua ​​~ 46 feem pua ​​alumina. Nws siv cov av nplaum refractory ua cov khoom siv tseem ceeb, muaj qhov hluav taws kub ntawm 1580 ~ 1770 degree, thiab zoo thermal shock kuj. Nws belongs rau cov khoom siv tsis muaj zog acid refractory, muaj corrosion kuj rau acid slag, thiab yog dav siv. Nws yog chav kawm loj tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom siv refractory hauv kev tsim khoom.
nruab nrab
Lub ntsiab crystalline theem nyob rau hauv high-alumina cov khoom yog mullite thiab corundum, thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm corundum nce nrog nce ntawm alumina cov ntsiab lus. Corundum cov khoom uas muaj ntau tshaj 95 feem pua ​​​​alumina yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo nrog ntau yam kev siv. Chromium bricks yog tsim los ntawm chromite, thiab lub ntsiab crystalline theem yog chromite. Nws muaj qhov zoo corrosion kuj rau steel slag, tab sis tsis zoo thermal poob siab kuj, thiab tsis tshua muaj kub load deformation kub. Chromium-magnesium bricks ua los ntawm chromite thiab magnesia nyob rau hauv sib txawv proportions muaj zoo thermal poob siab kuj thiab yog tsuas yog siv raws li yooj yim qhib-hearth ru tsev cib.
Refractory abrasive
Cov khoom siv carbon yog lwm yam khoom siv nruab nrab refractory. Raws li cov khoom muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm carbonaceous raw cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov ntxhia muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov khoom, lawv muab faib ua peb pawg: carbon bricks, graphite khoom thiab silicon carbide khoom. Cov pa roj carbon cib yog tsim los ntawm qib siab roj av coke ua raw khoom, tar thiab asphalt ua nplaum, thiab raug rho tawm haujlwm ntawm 1300 degree kom cais cov huab cua. Graphite khoom (tshwj tsis yog ntuj graphite) yog ua los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv carbon los ntawm graphitizing ntawm 2500 ~ 2800 degree hauv lub cub hluav taws xob. Silicon carbide cov khoom raug rho tawm haujlwm ntawm 1350 ~ 1400 degree nrog silicon carbide ua raw khoom thiab av nplaum, silicon oxide thiab lwm yam binders. Silicon nitride thiab silicon carbide cov khoom tuaj yeem ua los ntawm silicon carbide thiab silicon hmoov nyob rau hauv nitrogen cua hauv hluav taws xob. Cov khoom siv carbon muaj cov thermal expansion coefficient, siab thermal conductivity, zoo thermal poob siab tsis kam thiab siab kub zog. Nws yuav tsis soften tom qab siv mus sij hawm ntev ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, yuav tsis eroded los ntawm tej acid los yog alkali, muaj ntsev zoo, thiab yuav tsis wetted los ntawm hlau thiab slag. Nws yog lub teeb, thiab yog cov khoom siv high-temperature resistant. Qhov tsis zoo yog tias nws yooj yim rau oxidize ntawm qhov kub thiab tsis haum rau siv hauv oxidizing cua. Cov khoom siv carbon yog dav siv nyob rau hauv high-kub rauv hauv ob sab phlu (kub hauv qab, hearth, qis ib feem ntawm lub cub tawg lub cev, thiab lwm yam) thiab hauv ob sab phlu ntawm smelting non-ferrous hlau rauv. Graphite khoom tuaj yeem siv los ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tank thiab autoclave hauv ob sab phlu ntawm petrochemical kev lag luam. Silicon carbide thiab graphite khoom kuj tseem tuaj yeem ua rau hauv cov khoom siv rau smelting tooj liab, kub thiab lub teeb alloys.
alkalinity
Noj cov khoom magnesium ua tus sawv cev. Nws muaj ntau dua 80 feem pua ​​​​~85 feem pua ​​​​ntawm magnesium oxide thiab yog tsim los ntawm periclase. Cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov pob zeb magnesia muaj xws li magnesite, seawater magnesia, uas yog calcined los ntawm magnesium hydroxide muab rho tawm los ntawm dej hiav txwv ntawm qhov kub siab), thiab lwm yam. Nws muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo rau alkaline slag thiab hlau slag. Lub melting point ntawm ntshiab magnesium oxide yog siab li 2800 degree, yog li qhov hluav taws kub tsis kam ntawm magnesia cib yog siab tshaj cov av nplaum cib thiab silica cib. Txij li thaum nruab nrab -1950s, kev tsim cov refractories yooj yim tau nce zuj zus, thaum cov av nplaum cib thiab silica cib tau poob qis vim yog kev siv cov pa oxygen tshuab converter steelmaking thiab siv cov txheej txheem qhib-hearth rau saum. Basic refractories yog siv nyob rau hauv qhib hearth furnaces, oxygen tshuab converters, hluav taws xob furnaces, non-ferrous hlau smelting thiab ib co high-temperature thermal khoom.