REFRACTORIES RAU STEEL BASIC OXYGEN FURNACE
Peb muab ntau yam REFRACTORIES rau STEEL BASIC OXYGEN FURNACE
Basic Oxygen Furnace (BOF) steelmaking operations kuj qee zaum hu ua Basic Oxygen Steelmaking (BOS). Qhov no yog lub zog tshaj thiab ua tau zoo steelmaking tshuab nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb. Kwv yees li 71% ntawm cov hlau tsis zoo yog tsim los ntawm cov txheej txheem no. Cov txheej txheem BOF tau tsim nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov 1950s ntawm ob steel nroj tsuag hauv Linz thiab Donawitz, Austria, yog li cov txheej txheem BOF tseem hu ua LD (thawj tsab ntawv ntawm ob lub nroog) steelmaking.
Muaj ntau qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm BOF txheej txheem. Muaj cov tshuab sab saum toj, hauv qab tshuab, thiab kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm ob, uas yog hu ua kev sib koom ua ke tshuab.
Cov txheej txheem steelmaking yog tus kheej, lossis nws tus kheej txaus, lub zog uas siv cov pa oxygen (O2) los hloov cov kua hlau (kub hlau) rau hauv cov hlau kom oxidize pliaj impurities hauv cov hlau kub (HM). Cov pa oxygen siv yuav tsum yog cov purity siab, feem ntau yog qhov tsawg kawg nkaus ntawm 99.5%, txwv tsis pub cov hlau yuav nqus cov nitrogen phem (N2).
Cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb rau cov nroj tsuag steel feem ntau yog HM (kwv yees li 80% lossis ntau dua) los ntawm qhov cub tawg thiab cov seem seem. Cov no tau ntim rau hauv BOF ntim. Oxygen yog tshuab mus rau hauv BOF ntawm supersonic speeds. Nws oxidizes cov pa roj carbon (C) thiab silicon (Si) nyob rau hauv lub HM, tso tawm ntau cua sov uas melts cov seem. Cov oxidation ntawm hlau (Fe), manganese (Mn) thiab phosphorus (P) ua rau lub zog tsawg. Cov flux siv nyob rau hauv cov txheej txheem no feem ntau yog calcined txiv qaub (ntau tshaj 92% CaO). Cov txiv qaub no yog calcined los ntawm limestone tsawg hauv silicon dioxide (SiO2). Lub combustion ntawm carbon monoxide (CO) tom qab tawm hauv lub converter kuj hloov tshav kub rov qab mus rau lub pas dej ua ke. Cov khoom ntawm cov nroj tsuag steel yog kua hlau nrog cov tshuaj tshuaj tshwj xeeb ntawm qhov kub ntawm txog 1650 degrees Celsius.
Lo lus "basic" yog hais txog lub tshuab hluav taws xob refractory hauv ob sab phlu, ua los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv alkaline (dolomite thiab magnesite). Lub refractory hauv ob sab phlu yuav tsum muaj cov khoom tshwj xeeb los tiv thaiv qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, oxidizing thiab yooj yim slags, nrog rau hnav thaum them nyiaj thiab tshuab. Basic slag yuav tsum tau tshem tawm P thiab sulfur (S) los ntawm cov kua nqi.
Muaj feem xyuam rau cov khoom siv refractory:
Mullite bricks
Cov av nplaum
Semi-silica cib
Calcium silicate board
Rwb thaiv tsev castables
High alumina castables
Fused AZS cib
Aluminium silicate fiber ntau daim pam