Ntiaj teb no steelmakers nyob rau hauv lub siab loj hlob mus nyem txhua qhov ua tau cua sov los ntawm ib tugyooj yim oxygen rauv(BOF) yam tsis muaj kev txi lub neej kev sib tw lossis yaj-kev nyab xeeb hauv khw. Qhov sib txawv ntawm 3-xyoo thiab 7- xyoo BOF phiaj xwm feem ntau nqes mus rau ib txoj kab uas pom tsis pom hauv lub nkoj: cov ntaub ntawv refractory. tprefractory, ib tug Tuam Tshoj -raws li tus kws tshwj xeeb hauv steel- ua refractories, hnub no tau tso tawm tsib-point checklists uas mills tuaj yeem siv los ntsuas cov pa oxygen-qhov cub cib pob ua ntej qhov kev txuas ntxiv tom ntej.
1. Thermal-shock Performance index: thawj 90 vib nas this txiav txim txhua yam
Thaum 1 600℃molten hlau tsoo 200℃hauv ob sab phlu, micro- tawg tuaj nyob rau hauv vib nas this. Ib txheej ua nrog fused-grain magnesia-carbon (MgO-C) cib uas muaj 14% graphite thiab 96% fused MgO shrinks tawg propagation los ntawm 38% piv nrog conventionally sintered cib. Cov neeg yuav khoom yuav tsum nug cov neeg muag khoom rau tus nqi ΔT50 (qhov kub sib txawv uas ib nrab txias- crushing zog); txhua yam hauv qab 800℃yog qhov txaus ntshai rau siab -tapping furnaces.
2. Slag chemistry match: ib qhov loj yeej tsis haum tag nrho
Basic oxygen furnace slags evolve from acidic (CaO/SiO₂≈ 2.2) thaum tshuab pib mus rau theem pib (CaO/SiO₂≈ 3.8) ntawm turndown. Ib qib - cov ntaub ntawv ib leeg siv nyiaj. tprefractory pom zoo kom peb -zone tsim:
- Kev nyab xeeb cheeb tsam (trunnions, kais- qhov): 18 % C, 98 % fused MgO, antioxidant Al-Mg alloy- hom phiaj 12 hli hnav ib lub tshav kub.
- Kub- thaj chaw (qhov cuam tshuam dav hlau): 20 % C, 2 % nano-ZrO₂ rau slag wetting resistance- txo qis hauv zos hnav los ntawm 27 %.
- Hauv qab / stirring plugs: carbon-dawb Al₂O₃-MgO spinel castable kom tsis txhob CO pick-nce hauv ultra- qis- carbon steels.
3. Cib cov duab precision: ± 0.2 hli kam rau txuag 4% phom sib tov
Oxygen- cub cib nrog nruj qhov ntev kam rau ua tsim 30% tsawg dua qhov sib koom ua ke, txiav slag infiltration thiab patching tom qab.
4. Carbon hneev taw & EU CBAM npaj txhij
Pib xyoo 2026, EU importers yuav tsum tshaj tawm CO₂ embedded nyob rau hauv refractories. Cov cib hluav taws xob raug rho tawm dua tshiab - methane kilns (scope-1 emissions Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.18 t CO₂/t cib) thiab cov pa roj carbon graphite qis los ntawm cov khoom noj txuas ntxiv tau txiav tawm emissions los ntawm 22%.
5. Tag nrho cov nqi ntawm cov tswv cuab (TCO) qauv, tsis yog nqi ib lub cib
A 280-tuj BOF relined nrog premium oxygen- cub cib (USD 1 280}/t) tab sis kav ntev 6 800 heats xa ib TCO ntawm USD 0.41 ib ton ntawm steel, ntaus pob nqi qis (USD 950 / t, 4 200 USD ib ton.5).
Refractory hauv ob sab phlu tsuas yog ib feem ntawm lub cub tawg yooj yim uas tsis tuaj yeem kuaj xyuas thaum nws ua haujlwm. Xaiv cov pa oxygen zoo- cub cib hnub no txhais tau tias tag kis yuav yaj- lub khw muaj.
