Lub qhov rooj zawv zawg swb yog cov khoom siv tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm steel hlau. Thaum siv, nws yuav tsum tiv taus qhov kub thiab txias, thermal shock, yaig thiab yaig ntawm cov hlau molten, thiab rov qhib thiab kaw, thiab lwm yam. Raws li kev siv ntawm qhov chaw, qhov kev puas tsuaj thaum lub sij hawm siv.swb rooj vag refractory cibtau muab faib ua peb pawg: thermal shock puas, thermal chemical yaig, thiab kev ua haujlwm tsis raug.
1. Thermal shock puas Qhov kub ntawm qhov swb yog tsawg heev ua ntej siv. Thaum lub sij hawm casting txheej txheem, tus swb yog nyob rau hauv kev sib cuag nrog high-temperature molten steel rau ib lub sij hawm luv luv. Qhov kub sib txawv loj heev uas tsim tawm yuav muaj qhov muaj zog thermal poob siab ntawm lub cev swb. Lub sijhawm no, tensile stress yog tsim tawm sab nraum lub qhov casting ntawm tus swb. Thaum qhov kev ntxhov siab no dhau lub zog ntawm cov khoom siv swb, radial microcracks yuav tsim, raws li qhia hauv daim duab 2. Cov kab nrib pleb zoo li no ua rau muaj qhov sib txawv, sib sau ua ke, thiab nkag mus rau txawv teb chaws molten steel, slag, thiab oxygen, thiab ua rau aggravated. tshuaj erosion.
2. Thermal chemical erosion Thaum tus swb hu rau high-temperature molten steel thiab slag thaum siv, ib tug series ntawm tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav tshwm sim, ua rau thermal tshuaj yaig. Hom kev yaig no tuaj yeem yooj yim ua rau qhov kub-kub hnav tsis kam ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov swb mus rau qhov tsis zoo, txheej txheej saum npoo yuav poob, ua rau tsis zoo ntawm cov swb, nce qhov khoob, thiab ntxiv oxidative yaig. Tom qab cov txheej txheem saum toj no hloov pauv, cov xwm txheej hnyav xws li cov hlau xau los ntawm cov swb tuaj yeem tshwm sim. Thaum siv cov swb, cov thermochemical yaig tshwm sim tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov pawg hauv qab no raws li ntau hom steel thiab slag compositions.
2.1 Tshuaj yaig ntawm Ca-kho hlau Nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm tsim txhuas-tua hlau thiab silicon-aluminium-tua hlau, txhawm rau txhim kho cov castability ntawm molten steel, Ca-Al hlau thiab Ca-Si hlau yog pub rau hauv cov hlau molten. Thaum lub sij hawm refining txheej txheem rau Ca kho. Thaum tsim cov hlau no, qhov eroded ib feem ntawm cov swb nthuav tawm qhov pom tseeb "horseshoe" duab. Lub ntsiab yog vim li cas Ca thiab CaO nyob rau hauv cov hlau molten react nrog Al2O3 thiab SiO2 nyob rau hauv lub swb los tsim tsawg-melting-point compounds. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum lub swb nyob rau hauv ib lub xeev pouring, lub molten hlau ntws nyob rau hauv lub swb qhov thiab yooj yim tsim ib tug tsis zoo siab txoj siv raws li qhia nyob rau hauv daim duab 3. Nyob rau hauv qhov kev txiav txim ntawm qhov tsis zoo siab txoj siv, Ca vapor ncaj qha reacts nrog lub nqus pa oxygen rau daim ntawv. CaO, thiab yog nplua nuj nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam no, ua rau "horseshoe" zoo li yaig.
2.2 Tshuaj yaig ntawm siab Mn steel Thaum casting siab Mn steels xws li pipeline steel, lub qhov expansion ntawm swb rooj vag refractory cib yog hnyav dua, thiab qhov siab tshaj plaws qhov expansion yuav ncav cuag 5mm · rauv-1; Tsis tas li ntawd, kev yaig ntawm qhov sib cuag ntawm lub phaj swb kuj tseem hnyav dua, nrog rau qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib cuag ntawm qhov chaw tev tawm thiab tawg tawg. Qhov no yog vim hais tias MnO nyob rau hauv siab manganese molten hlau reacts nrog Al2O3 thiab SiO2 nyob rau hauv lub swb phaj raws li nram no: MnO + SiO2MnO·SiO2, MnO + Al2O3 → MnO·Al2O3, uas ua rau decomposition ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb ntawm corrosion. kuj thiab thermal shock kuj nyob rau hauv lub swb phaj, corundum thiab zirconium mullite, yog li aggravating qhov erosion ntawm molten steel thiab ua rau txawv txav ntawm lub aperture. 2.3 Tshuaj yaig ntawm slag Nyob rau hauv lub tom ntej theem ntawm ladle pouring, vim lub suction nyhuv ntawm molten steel ntws, ib feem ntawm cov slag yuav dov mus rau hauv dej inlet, tsim slag yaig ntawm lub phaj swb. Nws cov yam ntxwv tseem ceeb yog qhov nthuav dav thiab phaj nto yaig, thiab tseem muaj qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov kab nrib pleb hnyav. Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov hlau slag yog qhov nyuaj, feem ntau suav nrog CaO, SiO2, Al2O3, MgO, MnO, FeO, Cr2O3, CaF2, thiab lwm yam. swb. Tsis tas li ntawd, FeO, MnO, thiab lwm yam kuj tuaj yeem cuam tshuam nrog cov khoom siv roj carbon monoxide hauv cov swb, ua rau decarburization, ua rau cov qauv saum npoo ntawm cov swb xoob thiab ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj.
3. Kev ua haujlwm yam tseem ceeb Los ntawm cov ntsiab lus ua haujlwm, cov haujlwm ua haujlwm uas ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj rau lub qhov rooj zawv zawg refractory cib tuaj yeem muab faib ua peb pawg: swb installation, nchuav ntws tswj, thiab dej nozzle oxygen hlawv.
(1) Kev teeb tsa tsis tsim nyog ntawm tus swb. Thaum cov swb tsis nruj me ntsis thaum nruab rau hauv lub zawv zawg mechanism, nws yuav warp, los yog cov swb clamping yuav xoob, uas yuav ua rau muaj kev ntxhov siab sab nraud thaum siv, ua rau tag nrho kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov swb.
(2) Tsis tsim nyog pouring txaus tswj nyob rau hauv ntau lawm. Yog hais tias qhov kev khiav hauj lwm tswj tsis tsim nyog thaum lub sij hawm pouring txheej txheem, nws yog ib qho yooj yim mus ua tev, yaig, thiab steel clamping ntawm qhov chaw ua hauj lwm ntawm tus swb. Summing lub khiav tswj kev khiav hauj lwm nyob rau hauv ntau lawm, nws pom tias lub ntsiab yog vim li cas rau kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub swb phaj yog lub swb phaj txav amplitude loj heev los yog lub zog yog heev nquag, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tus naj npawb ntawm swb phaj puas los ntawm phau ntawv khiav. tswj yog ntau tshaj qhov uas tshwm sim los ntawm lub computer tsis siv neeg khiav tswj, qhia tau hais tias tib neeg yam tseem ceeb nyob rau hauv kev ua hauj lwm kuj yog ib qho tseem ceeb ua rau swb phaj puas.
(3) Kev ua haujlwm tsis tsim nyog oxygen hlawv. Thaum lub ladle tab tom npaj los yog tsis muaj downflow thaum lub sij hawm pouring txheej txheem, oxygen yuav tsum tau hlawv ntawm lub ladle dej inlet. Thaum cov pa oxygen hlawv ua haujlwm tsis tsim nyog, cov pa oxygen hlawv hnyav yuav tshwm sim. Kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo ntawm cov pa hluav taws xob uas ua rau cov phaj swb puas muaj xws li: tshuab pa oxygen thaum lub qhov rooj zawv zawg refractory cib tsis ua tiav, ua rau cov pa oxygen ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau lub phaj phaj ua haujlwm; tshuab pa oxygen thaum cov dej xuab zeb tsis ntws tawm tag, nws nyuaj rau boil, ua rau lub sij hawm ntev oxygen tshuab; cov pa oxygen yeeb nkab tsis yog sib npaug rau cov dej ntws, ua rau cov pa oxygen ntws mus rau sab phab ntsa ntawm lub qhov swb ntawm lub qhov, ua rau lub qhov nthuav dav, thiab lwm yam. Tsis tas li ntawd, lwm yam kev ua haujlwm tsis zoo suav nrog lub sijhawm tsis tsim nyog ntawm lub ladle turnover lub sij hawm, uas ua rau ib qho kev nthuav dav. poob nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov kub ntawm lub ladle thiab ib tug loj thermal poob siab thaum nws yog siv dua; Qhov sib piv ntawm cov av nplaum hluav taws tsis zoo rau cov phaj swb, sib tov tsis sib xws, impurities, thiab lwm yam. Cov txheej txheem kev puas tsuaj saum toj no cuam tshuam thiab txhawb ib leeg thaum npaj thiab siv cov skateboard. Nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau ntaus nqi kev puas tsuaj ntawm skateboard rau ib qho laj thawj. Yog li ntawd, txhawm rau txhawm rau txhim kho lub neej kev pabcuam ntawm skateboard, nws yog ib qho tsim nyog yuav tsum tau ua kom tiav kev soj ntsuam thiab tuaj nrog kev daws teeb meem.
