Cov kev cai rau cov hlau tsis-ferrous smelting rau cov ntaub ntawv refractory yog cov complex. Nws yuav tsum tsis tsuas yog muaj qhov kub thiab txias txaus, tab sis kuj muaj qhov kub thiab txias zog. Kev xaiv cov khoom siv refractory muaj cov cai nruj heev. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, smelting ntawm ntau yam tsis-ferrous hlau muaj nws tus yam ntxwv, thiab nws yog ib qho tsim nyog los xaiv cov khoom siv refractory.
Tam sim no, cov refractories siv nyob rau hauv lub non-ferrous hlau smelting kev lag luam nyob rau hauv Tuam Tshoj yog kwv yees muab faib ua ob pawg: acidic refractories thiab alkaline refractories. Cov refractories me ntsis acidic feem ntau yog trivalent oxides (Al₂O₃-SiO₂ series), feem ntau suav nrog siab alumina cib, mullite cib, zirconium corundum cib, thiab lwm yam. Thaum alkaline refractories feem ntau yog divalent oxides (MgO -Al₂O₃, MgO-Cr₂O₃ series), suav nrog magnesia-chrome cib, magnesia-alumina cib, magnesia-alumina spinel cib, thiab lwm yam.
1. Tsim thiab siv cov khoom siv refractory hauv kev lag luam hlau hlau lead
1) Rauv Hauv qab Tsim
Tom qab xyoo dhau los ntawm kev paub ntau lawm, rau cov hlau lead smelting, metallurgical furnaces siv muaj xws li kaum ob ntawm metallurgical furnaces uas ua ntau yam ntaub ntawv txhuas, tab sis cov refractory hauv ob sab phlu ntawm metallurgical furnaces mas siv magnesia-chrome cib, high-alumina cib, high-alumina zoo refractory. ramming khoom, thiab lwm yam.
(1) Qhov chaw ruaj khov nyob rau hauv qab ntawm qhov cub
In the design of the furnace lining, each position in the furnace body is different, and the selection of refractory materials also changes accordingly. Taking the fixed horizontal metallurgical furnace body as an example, the furnace bottom generally uses magnesia-chrome bricks, high-alumina bricks, aluminum-chromium spinel, high-alumina ramming materials, magnesia ramming materials, etc., and some use high-strength ramming materials. The anti-seepage ramming material is also composed of Al₂O₃-SiO₂ series, and the content of Al₂O₃ is >75 feem pua. Lub ntiajteb txawj nqus ntawm cov kua txhuas yog 10.6g / cm³, thiab cov permeability yog qhov muaj zog heev. Yog li ntawd, cov khoom siv refractory nyob rau hauv qab ntawm lub cub tawg yuav tsum tsis tsuas yog muaj kev ua hauj lwm ntawm tshav kub dissipation, tab sis kuj muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv seepage ntawm txhuas.
Tam sim no, kev xyaum siv dav yog thawj zaug nteg high-alumina cib rau ntawm lub phaj steel ntawm lub cub tawg hauv qab. Ib txheej ntawm cov khoom siv refractory nrog kev tiv thaiv kev nkag mus rau cov hlau lead yuav tsum tau muab rau ntawm sab sauv ntawm lub cushion. Tam sim no, cov khoom siv magnesium ramming los yog cov khoom siv muaj zog los tiv thaiv kev tawm tsam (siab alumina) yog siv, ob qho tib si tuaj yeem ua qhov thaiv. Qhov piv ntawm cov khoom siv magnesia ramming yog: magnesia: magnesium hmoov=7: 3, nrog brine, magnesia particle loj: 0.2 ~ 0.5mm70 feem pua, 1.5 ~ 3.0mm 30 feem pua; cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm high-strength anti-seepage ramming khoom Nws yog: high-aluminium aggregates thiab pob txha hmoov ntawm ntau yam particle loj yog configured. Tom qab ci ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, cov aggregates ntawm ntau qhov ntau thiab tsawg tau nthuav dav thiab nruj ua ke kom ua tiav lub hom phiaj zoo tshaj plaws los tiv thaiv cov hmoov txhuas.
Nws yuav tsum raug sau tseg tias tom qab cov khoom siv magnesium thiab magnesium-chromium ramming yog rammed, lawv yuav tsum tau ci ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Tom qab ci tawm cov dej dawb, cov pob qij txha nthuav dav yuav tsum tau ntim nrog cov hmoov zoo magnesium los xyuas kom meej lub zog thiab compactness ntawm ramming txheej. poj niam deev. Lub thickness ntawm cov khoom siv ramming tau pom zoo kom yog 150 ~ 300mm, uas yog yooj yim rau ib zaug ua tiav ntawm ramming, thiab tuaj yeem ua tiav cov ci ntau yam sib xws, tsim cov txheej txheem tag nrho nrog cov nyhuv anti-seepage zoo dua.
(2) Rauv hauv qab ua haujlwm txheej txheej
Rau kev xaiv cov ntaub ntawv refractory rau txheej kev nyab xeeb thiab ua hauj lwm txheej hauv qab ntawm lub cub tawg, magnesia-chrome bricks yog dav siv. Ntawm lawv, txheej kev nyab xeeb tuaj yeem ncaj qha sib txuas nrog magnesia-chrome cib, thiab txheej txheej ua haujlwm yog semi-rebonded magnesia-chrome cib. Nrog rau qhov hloov pauv ntawm cov hmoov lead ua kua, qhov kub ntawm lub hauv qab ntawm lub cub tawg yog qhov sib txawv, yog li lub semi-rebonded magnesia-chrome bricks nrog thermal shock kuj yuav tsum tau xaiv. cib. Cov txheej txheem kev nyab xeeb thiab cov txheej txheem ua haujlwm ntawm lub qhov cub hauv qab kuj yog ua los ntawm high-alumina cib. Feem ntau, hom rauv no yuav muaj cov txheej txheem hauv qab nrog qhov siab ntawm ~ 400mm, yog li lub qhov cub hauv qab yuav tsis raug eroded los ntawm slag, thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm Al₂O₃ tuaj yeem xaiv. Tsis pub tsawg dua 75 feem pua High alumina bricks yog siv los ua cov cib hauv ob sab phlu rau cov txheej txheem kev nyab xeeb thiab ua hauj lwm txheej hauv qab ntawm lub qhov cub.
2) Qhov chaw ua haujlwm hauv qhov cub
Kev xaiv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv refractory nyob rau hauv lub chaw ua hauj lwm (lub qhov cub phab ntsa, lub cub tawg sab saum toj) nyob rau hauv lub cub tawg yog muab faib ua ob qhov chaw, ib tug yog cov refractory bricks nyob rau hauv lub pas dej ua ke (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov slag kab), thiab lwm yam yog refractory cib. nyob rau hauv cheeb tsam meteorological.
(1) Lub pas dej molten hauv qhov cub
Cov bricks refractory nyob rau hauv lub molten pas dej ua ke cheeb tsam (tshwj xeeb tshaj yog lub slag kab cheeb tsam) yuav eroded thiab ntxuav los ntawm molten slag. Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov hlau lead smelting slag yog cov complex, thiab high-alumina refractory khoom yuav koom nyob rau hauv lub slag-forming cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, yog li high-alumina refractory cib raug xaiv. Nws yog tsis tsim nyog, thiab magnesia-chromium refractory bricks yuav tsum tau siv. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, xav txog cov slag yaig kuj thiab yaig tsis kam ntawm refractory bricks, magnesia-chrome bricks nrog electrofusion thiab recombination yuav tsum tau xaiv.
Cov cib ntawm cov khoom no zoo tshaj rau semi-recombined magnesia-chrome cib hauv slag corrosion kuj. Qhov nce ntawm Cr₂O₃ cov ntsiab lus tuaj yeem txhim kho cov slag corrosion kuj ntawm cov cib, yog li sim xaiv magnesia-chromium refractory cib nrog cov ntsiab lus Cr₂O₃ siab dua.
(2) Meteorological cheeb tsam hauv qhov cub
Cov cib refractory nyob rau hauv thaj chaw huab cua yuav tsis raug eroded los ntawm slag, tab sis tsuas yog los ntawm cov txaws yaig ntawm ib tug me me ntawm slag thiab yaig ntawm plua plav pa taws. Yog li, magnesia-chromium refractory cib nrog qis Cr₂O₃ tuaj yeem xaiv. Lub magnesia-chrome cib siv nyob rau hauv cov hlau lead smelting txo qhov cub ntawm ib lub Hoobkas domestic siv ncaj qha-bonded magnesia-chrome cib nrog siab Cr₂O₃ nyob rau hauv thaum ntxov theem ntawm zus tau tej cov, thiab nto ntawm magnesia-chrome cib nyob rau hauv lub meteorological cheeb tsam yog dawb. hlau thiab slag. Cov cib tau tawg ua ob ntu thiab cov qauv yog xoob. Raws li kev txheeb xyuas cov txiaj ntsig, nws tau txiav txim siab tias Fe³﹢ thiab Fe²﹢ hauv cov cib refractory raug txo qis rau cov ntsiab lus Fe hauv qhov loj, uas ua rau cov qauv xoob ntawm lub cev cib.
Yog li ntawd, hauv kev saib xyuas, fused recombined magnesia-chrome cib nrog qis Cr₂O₃ tau siv (Cr₂O₃ cov ntsiab lus yog 12 feem pua). Lub ntsiab yog vim li cas rau qhov kev txhim kho no yog hais tias qhov pom tseeb porosity ntawm fused magnesia-chrome cib yog tsawg, thiab cov ntsiab lus ntawm Fe³﹢ thiab Fe²﹢ nyob rau hauv lub refractory cib yog txo, thiaj li hais tias nws yog tsim nyog rau lub zog txo cua nyob rau hauv lub refractory cib. thaj chaw meteorological thiab prolongs lub neej kev pab cuam. Tom qab hloov mus rau hom electrofusion ua ke nrog magnesia-chrome cib, lub sijhawm siv tau zoo heev thiab tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo.
2. Cov lus xaus
Muaj ntau ntau hom furnaces siv nyob rau hauv domestic smelting kev lag luam, thiab cov khoom cua txias kuj siv nyob rau hauv ntau yam metallurgical furnaces, uas muaj ib tug zoo ntxim rau prolonging lub neej kev pab cuam ntawm metallurgical furnaces. Txawm li cas los xij, los ntawm kev xav ntawm cov txheej txheem siv, rau cov hmoov txhuas smelting, uas muaj qib siab ntawm superheat, cov ntaub ntawv nyuaj, thiab cov hmoov lead matte yooj yim corrodes cov txheej txheem smelting ntawm cov khoom cua txias, kev ua haujlwm ntawm slag dai los ntawm cov cuab yeej txias tseem muaj. tej yam kev nyab xeeb kev nyab xeeb, yog li ntawd lub tshuab cua txias yog lined nrog rau hauv ob sab phlu. Muaj cov ntaub ntawv refractory yog tseem indispensable. Kev siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo thiab cov khoom siv cua txias ua kom sib haum thiab tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm hauv kev tiv thaiv kev sib nrig sib.
Raws li cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov txheej txheem smelting, cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov khoom siv smelting, thiab kev xaiv kom raug thiab siv cov khoom siv refractory, los xyuas kom meej tias cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo li qub, ua kom muaj lub cub tawg tsim nyog, thiab ua kom lub lag luam tau txais txiaj ntsig kev lag luam. , nws tseem yuav tsum muaj qhov tsim nyog thiab tsim nyog cov khoom siv refractory. , nrog rau cov qauv tsim, kev nthuav dav suav, thiab cua sov thiab ci ntawm masonry tag nrho cuam tshuam rau kev siv cov khoom siv refractory.
Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv lub hauv paus ntawm cov uas twb muaj lawm txoj kev loj hlob, nws yog tsim nyog los kawm ntxiv thiab txhim kho refractory cov ntaub ntawv nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm yaig kuj, slag corrosion kuj, kev nyuaj siab tsom xam, ci system, thiab lwm yam, uas yuav tsum tau refractory khoom lwm tus neeg, tsim chav tsev thiab kev sib koom tes. kev siv zog ntawm ntau tus neeg siv tuaj yeem ua rau cov khoom siv refractory ua tiav cov txiaj ntsig zoo dua.
