Classification ntawm Refractory Raw Materials

Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob ntawm high-temperature technology. Cov kev cai rau cov ntaub ntawv refractory yog tas li nce, thiab nws yuav tsum tau tsim cov ntaub ntawv refractory tshiab kom tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau siv. Ntxiv nrog rau kev tshawb nrhiav cov khoom siv raw, cov khoom siv hluavtaws refractory, xws li carbides, nitrides thiab borides, kuj tau tsim ua tiav. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntaub ntawv raw ntawm inorganic fibers thiab hollow pob (saib cov ntaub ntawv insulating refractory) kuj tau tsim; Muaj ntau ntau hom organic thiab inorganic binders hauv cov khoom siv raw khoom. Kev faib tawm ntawm cov khoom siv refractory tsis zoo ib yam hauv ntiaj teb. Raws li cov khoom siv tshuaj, nws tau muab faib ua cov khoom siv acidic refractory raw cov ntaub ntawv, cov khoom siv raw refractory thiab nruab nrab refractory raw khoom. Txawm li cas los xij, cov khoom siv refractory feem ntau muab faib ua Al2O3-SiO2 series refractory raw cov ntaub ntawv, cov ntaub ntawv yooj yim refractory raw khoom, thermal rwb thaiv tsev refractory raw khoom, refractory binder, thiab lwm yam refractory raw khoom.
Al2O3-SiO2 refractory raw cov ntaub ntawv muaj xws li silica, semi-siliceous av nplaum (xws li pyrophyllite), refractory av nplaum (xws li kaolinite) thiab nws cov clinker, bauxite (xws li sillimanite pawg minerals, bauxite, mullite) thiab nws cov clinker thiab industrial, alumina, lwm yam.
Semi-acid raw khoom (feem ntau refractory av nplaum)
Hauv kev faib tawm yav dhau los, av nplaum tau teev nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv acidic, uas tsis haum. Lub hauv paus acidic ntawm refractory raw cov ntaub ntawv yog raws li dawb silica (SiO2), vim hais tias raws li cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm refractory av nplaum thiab siliceous raw cov ntaub ntawv, cov dawb silica nyob rau hauv refractory av nplaum yog ntau tsawg tshaj li ntawm siliceous raw cov ntaub ntawv. Vim hais tias muaj 30 feem pua ​​~ 45 feem pua ​​alumina nyob rau hauv dav refractory av nplaum, thiab alumina yog tsis tshua muaj nyob rau hauv dawb lub xeev, nws yog khi ua ke nrog silica los ua kaolinite (Al2O3 · 2SiO2 · 2H2O). Txawm hais tias muaj me ntsis ntau dhau silica, nws cov nyhuv me me heev. Yog li ntawd, cov khoom siv acidic ntawm cov av nplaum refractory yog qhov tsis muaj zog ntau dua li cov khoom siv siliceous. [2]
Qee cov neeg ntseeg tias cov av nplaum refractory decomposes rau hauv dawb silicic acid thiab dawb alumina ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, tab sis nws tsis nyob twj ywm tib yam. Thaum nws tseem ua kom sov, dawb silicic acid thiab dawb alumina yuav ua ke los ua Yinglaite (3Al2O3 · 2SiO2). Yinglai pob zeb muaj cov kua qaub zoo rau alkaline slag. Nyob rau tib lub sijhawm, vim qhov nce ntawm alumina cov ntsiab lus hauv cov av nplaum refractory, nws cov tshuaj acidic maj mam ua tsis muaj zog. Thaum alumina nce mus txog 50 feem pua, nws yuav tshwm sim alkaline lossis nruab nrab cov khoom. Tshwj xeeb, cov av nplaum av nplaum ua nyob rau hauv ultra-siab muaj siab, thiab muaj zog tshaj tawm rau alkaline slag nyob rau hauv kub tshaj silica. Hais txog nws corrosivity, Yinglai pob zeb kuj qeeb heev, yog li peb xav tias nws tsim nyog sau cov av nplaum refractory li semi-acidic raw khoom. Refractory av nplaum yog qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws thiab dav siv raw khoom hauv kev lag luam refractory. [2]
Cov khoom siv nruab nrab
Cov khoom siv nruab nrab feem ntau yog chromite, graphite thiab silicon carbide (tsim manually), uas yuav tsis hnov ​​​​mob nrog acidic lossis alkaline slag ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Tam sim no, muaj ob yam khoom siv raw hauv qhov xwm txheej, uas yog chromite thiab graphite. Ntxiv nrog rau ntuj graphite, kuj muaj cov khoom siv graphite. Cov khoom siv nruab nrab no muaj qhov tseem ceeb tiv thaiv slag, thiab yog qhov tsim nyog tshaj plaws rau kev siv raws li interlayer ntawm alkaline refractory thiab acid refractory. [2]
Basic refractory raw khoom
Lawv feem ntau yog magnesite (magnesite), dolomite, txiv qaub, olivine, serpentine, high-alumina raw khoom (qee zaum nruab nrab). Cov ntaub ntawv nyoos no muaj zog tiv thaiv alkaline slag thiab feem ntau yog siv los tsim cov alkaline furnaces, tab sis lawv yooj yim tshwj xeeb rau cov kua qaub slag los ua cov ntsev.
Cov ntaub ntawv tshwj xeeb refractory: feem ntau yog zirconia, titanium oxide, beryllium oxide, cerium oxide, thorium oxide, yttrium oxide, thiab lwm yam. Txawm li cas los xij, vim muaj qhov txwv ntawm cov khoom siv raw, lawv tsis tuaj yeem siv dav hauv kev lag luam refractory, thiab tsuas yog siv tau rau cov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb. Yog li ntawd, lawv feem ntau hu ua cov khoom siv refractory tshwj xeeb. [2]
Siliceous raw khoom
Piv txwv li, quartz, tridymite, cristobalite, chalcedony, flint, opal, quartzite, dawb silica, diatomite, cov ntaub ntawv siliceous no muaj tsawg kawg yog 90 feem pua ​​​​silicon oxide (SiO2), thiab cov ntaub ntawv ntshiab muaj ntau tshaj 99 feem pua ​​​​silicon oxide. Siliceous raw cov ntaub ntawv yog acidic nyob rau hauv high kub tshuaj dynamics. Thaum cov hlau oxides muaj los yog tiv tauj nrog lawv, lawv hnov ​​​​mob thiab ua ke los ua cov silicates fusible. Yog li ntawd, yog tias ib qho me me ntawm cov hlau oxide muaj nyob rau hauv cov khoom siv siliceous, nws cov cua sov yuav cuam tshuam loj heev. [2]
Al2O3-SiO2 refractory raw cov ntaub ntawv muaj xws li silica, semi-siliceous av nplaum (xws li pyrophyllite), refractory av nplaum (xws li kaolinite) thiab nws cov clinker, bauxite (xws li sillimanite pawg minerals, bauxite, mullite) thiab nws cov clinker thiab industrial, alumina, lwm yam.
Basic refractory raw khoom: calcined los yog fused cov ntaub ntawv xws li limestone, dolomite, magnesite, brucite, forsterite, magnesia-alumina spinel, magnesia-chrome spinel xuab zeb, thiab lwm yam.
Lwm cov ntaub ntawv refractory: zircon (xws li zirconia), chromite, carbide, graphite, nitride thiab boride.
Insulating thiab refractory raw cov ntaub ntawv: perlite, vermiculite, diatomite, ntxhia wool, floating hlaws, refractory fibers thiab hollow pob.