Ib qho tshuaj cog hauv pem teb tsis ntsiag to txog thaum nws tsis ua. Cov kua qaub ntws tawm los ntawm cov vuas tawg, sub-pem hauv ntej pob zeb yaj, thiab koj tab tom saib tag nrho kev kaw thiab khawb. Qhov teeb meem yuav luag ib txwm zoo ib yam: hom cib tsis raug, tsis raug mortar, lossis tsim kev sib koom ua ke tsis raug.
Acid pov thawj cib ua haujlwm thaum teev kom raug. Daim ntawv qhia no suav nrog cov ntaub ntawv tiv thaiv tshuaj lom neeg los ntawm cov kua qaub, ob pawg cib loj thiab qhov twg txhua qhov siv, cov txheej txheem tsim cov txheej txheem, thiab cov sijhawm tshuaj xyuas uas ua rau muaj kev pabcuam rau 15-20 xyoo. Rau cov txheej txheem kev ntsuam xyuas tus neeg yuav khoom ib kauj ruam, saib pebacid pov thawj cib xaiv phau ntawv qhia.
Vim li cas Standard Refractory Cib Fails nyob rau hauv Acid Ib puag ncig
Txheem hluav taws kub av nplaum cib muaj 30-45% SiO₂ thiab 35-50% Al₂O₃. Ob theem react nrog muaj zog acids:
SiO₂ + 2NaOH → Na₂SiO₃ + H₂O (alkali attack)
Al₂O₃ + 3H₂SO₄ → Al₂(SO₄)₃ + 3H₂O (acid attack)
SiO₂ + 4HF → SiF₄↑ + 2H₂O (HF tawm tsam - txhoj puab heev)
Qhov tshwm sim: hluav taws av nplaum cib hauv H₂SO₄ kev pabcuam poob qhov hnyav ntawm 3-8% ib xyoos nyob ntawm qhov xav tau thiab qhov kub thiab txias. Hauv dilute HF (10%), qhov hnyav tuaj yeem ncav cuag 15-20% ib xyoos.
Acid pov thawj cib vs. refractory cib:Ib qho kev qhia tshwj xeeb yuam kev yog kho cov khoom siv ob pawg no ua kev sib hloov. Acid pov thawj cib yog tsim tshwj xeeb rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv corrosion ntawm ambient mus rau nruab nrab kub (txog 350 degree), ua tau zoo tshaj los yog sib npaug rau 98% acid kuj ib ASTM C279. Tus qauv refractory cib, thaum lub suab nrov tshaj 600 degree, tsis muaj lub impervious vitrified matrix xav tau los thaiv cov tshuaj infiltration. Rau kev sib xyaw ua ke kub thiab aggressive acid gas ib puag ncig (xws li cov kua qaub cog flues lossis sulfur rov ua haujlwm ua haujlwm siab tshaj 400 degree), sab laj peb txog kev tshwj xeebrefractory castable rau chemical cogcov qauv.
Acid pov thawj cib ua tiav nws qhov teeb meem los ntawm cov khoom siv sib txawv: liab shale cib los ntawm qhov ntom ntom, vitrified aluminosilicate matrix nrog qhov sib txuas me me, thiab cov pa roj carbon cib los ntawm cov pa roj carbon matrix uas tsis yog oxide kiag li inert rau non-oxidizing acids.
Tshuaj Resistance los ntawm Acid Hom - Dab tsi cov ntaub ntawv qhia
Qhov no yog lub rooj buyers xav tau ua ntej qhia:
| Acid | Nco ntsoov | Liab Shale Cib | Carbon Cib | Sau ntawv |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| H₂SO₄ | 10–98% | Ntau dua los yog sib npaug rau 99% tsis kam | Ntau dua los yog sib npaug rau 99% tsis kam | Both excellent; carbon for T>150 degree |
| HCl | 10–36% | Ntau dua los yog sib npaug rau 98% tsis kam | Ntau dua los yog sib npaug rau 99% tsis kam | Carbon nyiam rau cov concentrated HCl |
| HNO ₃ | 10–65% | Ntau dua los yog sib npaug rau 97% tsis kam | TSIS pom zoo | HNO₃ oxidizes carbon - liab shale nkaus xwb |
| HF | 5–40% | Tsis zoo (tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 70%) | Ntau dua los yog sib npaug rau 98% tsis kam | HF tawm tsam SiO₂; carbon yog qhov kev xaiv |
| NaOH | >10% | Nruab nrab (80-90%) | Ntau dua los yog sib npaug rau 98% tsis kam | Alkali tawm tsam silica theem |
| H₃PO₄ | 10–85% | Ntau dua los yog sib npaug rau 97% tsis kam | Ntau dua los yog sib npaug rau 98% tsis kam | Ob leeg txaus |
| Cov kua qaub sib xyaw | Ntau yam | Nyob ntawm qhov tseem ceeb acid | High versatility | Ntsuam xyuas ntawm tej yam kev mob |
Resistance values per ASTM C279 (acid immersion test, 98% H₂SO₄, 24h). Cov ntaub ntawv carbon cib ib GB / T 3649.
Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb:Cov pa roj carbon cib yog mus-rau rau HF thiab alkali kev pabcuam. Liab shale cib tuav HNO₃ thiab feem ntau sulfuric acid daim ntaub ntawv. Tsis txhob siv carbon cib nrog oxidizing acids (HNO₃, concentrated H₂O₂) - tus neeg sawv cev oxidizing tawm tsam cov pa roj carbon matrix.
Liab Shale vs. Carbon Acid Proof Cib - Daim ntawv qhia daim ntawv
Liab Shale Acid Proof Cib
Ua los ntawm high-purity shale raug rho tawm haujlwm ntawm 1100-1200 degree. Qhov ntom, nplua-grained silicate matrix muab kev tiv thaiv zoo rau cov tsis-oxidizing acids. Properties: bulk ntom 2.1-2.4 g / cm³, dej nqus<5%, acid resistance ≥98% (H₂SO₄).
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau:
H₂SO₄ cia tank hauv ob sab phlu thiab pem teb (tag nrho cov concentrations)
Chemical plant floors thiab trenches (qhov twg thermal backup feem ntau ua ke nrogcalcium silicate board rau thermal rwb thaiv tsev)
Chimney flues (kub-kub, kev pabcuam acid condensate)
Pickling tank linings (HCl kev pabcuam)
Pharmaceutical cog acid pov tseg
Kub txwv:200℃nruam. Tshaj 200 degree, silicate matrix pib soften nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm acid.
Muaj cov khoom tiav:Lub ntsej muag du (tshwj xeeb tso tsheb hlau luam), lub ntsej muag textured (pem teb traction), beveled ntug (pem teb cov dej ntws).
Carbon Acid Proof Cib
Ua los ntawm roj av coke los yog anthracite nrog cov pa roj carbon / tar binder, raug rho tawm haujlwm hauv qhov chaw. Cov non-oxide matrix yog tshuaj inert rau zoo tag nrho cov acids tsuas yog muaj zog oxidizers.
Qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau:
HF kev pabcuam (tsuas yog cov khoom siv ua kua qaub-tiv taus rau hydrofluoric acid tiv tauj - vim tias cov pa roj carbon tsis muaj SiO₂ dawb, tiv thaiv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis zoo: SiO₂ + 4HF → SiF₄↑ + 2H₂O; ib txwm ua khub nrog cov pa roj carbon monoxide)
Kev pabcuam Alkali (NaOH, KOH tiv tauj)
Mixed acid/alkali ib puag ncig
Kev siv kub siab (txog 350 degree)
Electrolytic cell linings
Kev txwv:rhiab heev rau oxidizing acids thiab oxidizing cua tshaj 400 degree. Kuj tseem muaj hluav taws xob ua hluav taws xob - cuam tshuam rau qee qhov kev siv electrolytic (qhov zoo) tab sis yuav tsum tau npaj hluav taws xob cais tawm hauv lwm tus.
Tag nrho Specification piv
| Khoom | Liab Shale Qib A | Liab Shale Qib B | Carbon Cib |
|---|---|---|---|
| Qhov ceev (g / cm³) | 2.30–2.40 | 2.10–2.25 | 1.55–1.75 |
| Kev nqus dej (%) | Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 3.5 | Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 5.0 | Tsawg dua los yog sib npaug rau 3.0 |
| Acid resistance H₂SO₄ (%) | Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 99 | Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 98 | Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 99 |
| Compressive zog (MPa) | Ntau tshaj los yog sib npaug rau 60 | Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 45 | Ntau tshaj los yog sib npaug rau 30 |
| Max kev pab kub (degree) | 200 | 180 | 350 |
| HF tsis kam | Tsis zoo (tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 70%) | Tsis zoo (tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 70%) | Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 98% |
| HNO ₃ resistance | Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 97% | Ntau dua lossis sib npaug li 95% | Tsis haum |
| Standard loj (mm) | 230×114×65 | 230×114×65 | 230×114×65 |
| Thermal conductivity (W / m · K) | 0.9–1.1 | 0.8–1.0 | 5–8 |
Txhua tus nqi ntawm ASTM C279 / GB / T 4984 cov qauv xeem.
Txias-kev nyab xeeb thiab sab nraum zoov khov-thaw durability:Rau kev txhim kho tshuaj lom neeg sab nraum zoov (cov kua qaub ntim dej, cov pas dej sab nraum zoov, lossis cov trenches sab nraud) raug rau qhov kub thiab txias (hauv qab −10 degree), cib nqus dej yog lub rooj vag tseem ceeb. Cov dej daig hauv cov pob zeb ntxeem tau nthuav tawm thaum khov, ua rau muaj dej khov. Qib A liab shale cib (dej nqus dej tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 3.5%) thiab carbon cib (dej nqus dej tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 3.0%) muab pov thawj Frost tsis kam. Nyob rau hauv huab cua caij tsheb kauj vab, qhia Qib A nrog qis-absorption resin mortar kom tshem tawm kev sib koom ua ke saturation.
Txheej Txheej Txheej Txheej Txheem: Txheej suav, sib koom dav, xaiv mortar
Txheej suav
Ib txheej txheej:Ib txheej ntawm cov kua qaub pov thawj cib rau ntawm lub hauv paus coated. Siv rau kev siv lub teeb-lub luag haujlwm - thaj chaw hauv pem teb nrog qee zaus acid txaws, kev pabcuam tsis yog immersion. Tag nrho cov tuab: 65mm cib + 5-10mm txaj mortar=70-75mm.
Ob chav txheej txheej:Ob chav kawm ntawm acid pov thawj cib nrog cov kua qaub-resistant membrane ntawm cib thiab pob zeb. Yuav tsum tau rau kev pab cuam rau immersion (tanks, pits, sups). Thawj chav kawm: tiaj tus ntawm daim nyias nyias. Hoob thib ob: sawv ntsug lossis ntawm lub kaum sab xis nyob ntawm lub nkoj geometry.
Tag nrho cov tshuaj tiv thaiv system:Qhob → waterproof membrane → primer coat → teem mortar txaj → thawj cib chav kawm → jointing mortar → thib ob cib chav kawm → ntsej muag mortar foob. Rau hydrofluoric acid los yog concentrated HNO₃ kev pab cuam, sab laj rau peb ntawm daim nyias nyias specification ua ntej mus.
Joint Dav
Khaws cov mortar pob qij txha ntawm 3-5 mm. Cov pob qij txha dav dua 6 hli yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tawm tsam - cov kua qaub nkag mus rau cov pob qij txha nyiam dua vim tias cov tshuaj khib nyiab tsawg dua li cib.
Rau cov vuas hauv pem teb: siv 3 hli sib koom ua ke nrog nruj tolerances ntawm cib qhov ntev (± 1mm). Rau cov hlab ntsha nkhaus: 4-5mm pob qij txha pub rau curvature yam tsis muaj pobzeb txiav.
Kev xaiv mortar
Lub mortar yuav tsum sib haum nrog lub cib hom thiab cov kev pab cuam tshuaj:
| Kev pabcuam | Mortar Hom |
|---|---|
| H₂SO₄ tag nrho cov concentrations | Furan resin mortar los yog sodium silicate mortar |
| HCl, H₃PO₄ | Furan resin mortar |
| HF | Carbon mortar (tib yam matrix li carbon cib) |
| HNO ₃ | Phenolic resin mortar |
| Mixed acid | Furan resin (qhov dav tshaj tshuaj tiv thaiv) |
Tseem ceeb: mortar thiab cib yuav tsum yog los ntawm tib tsev neeg chemical resistance. Siv cov txheej txheem refractory mortar nrog acid pov thawj cib defeats tag nrho cov txheej txheem.
Installation Protocol thiab Common yuam kev
Pre-Installation Checks
Qhob substrate: qhuav, tiaj tus mus rau ± 3mm tshaj 3m, tsis muaj roj paug.
Siv cov txheej txheem primer rau pob zeb - txhim kho daim nyias nyias adhesion.
Tshawb xyuas cov cib qhov ntev: tsis lees txais ib qho nrog cov chips, tawg, lossis qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov> ± 1.5mm.
Txheej txheej txheem
Siv cov ntaub pua chaw pw rau substrate los yog daim nyias nyias ntawm 5-8 hli tuab tuab.
Nias txhua lub cib kom ruaj khov - nyem mortar rau hauv qhov sib koom ua ke 3-5mm los ntawm hauv qab.
Tam sim ntawd sau cov pob qij txha ntsug nrog tib lub mortar ua ntej teeb tsa.
Tsis txhob taug kev ntawm cov kab tshiab rau 24 teev. Tsis txhob qhia cov kua dej rau 72 teev.
Feem ntau yuam kev
1. Siv cov tshuaj khib nyiab tsis raug.Peb pom qhov no tsawg kawg yog 30% ntawm thawj qhov kev teeb tsa. Liab shale cib nrog cov txheej txheem calcium silicate mortar - lub mortar tsis pub dhau 6 lub hlis thaum lub cib tsis zoo.
2. Qhov khoob ntawm cov yeeb nkab nkag.Acid concentrates thiab tawm tsam ntawm kev nkag mus. Siv compression fittings los yog cam khwb cia-nyob rau hauv-qhov chaw acid-resistant dab tshos, tsis txheem yeeb flanges.
3. Hla daim nyias nyias.Rau ib txheej txheej nyob rau hauv lub teeb-lub luag hauj lwm cheeb tsam, lub pob zeb substrate yuav tsum tseem tau txais ib tug waterproofing primer. Kev hla qhov no tso cai rau cov kua qaub los tawm tsam lub hauv paus pob zeb, ua rau kev tawg thiab cib tawg.
4. Cov pob qij txha loj dhau los ntawm kev sib tsoo pob zeb tsis raug.Thaum cov cib tau muab tso ua ke, cov mortar khiav ua ntej nws teeb, tawm hauv qhov dav, ntxeem tau pob qij txha.
Lub Sijhawm Saib Xyuas thiab Kev Saib Xyuas
| Ntau zaus | Kev ua |
|---|---|
| Txhua hli | Kev soj ntsuam pom ntawm pem teb thiab phab ntsa nto - saib kom tsis muaj xim, nto etching, xoob vuas |
| Txhua 6 lub hlis | Tshawb xyuas kev sib koom ua ke nrog cov cuab yeej nyias - soj ntsuam rau cov pob qij txha mos los yog hollow |
| Txhua xyoo | Kev tshuaj xyuas tag nrho suav nrog cov qauv hauv pem teb hauv pem teb hauv cov immersion zones |
| Tom qab ib qho kev tshwm sim kua qaub | Kev tshuaj xyuas tam sim thiab kho qhov chaw cuam tshuam |
Kev sib koom ua ke hauv cheeb tsam tuaj yeem kho tau los ntawm kev khiav tawm cov kev sib koom ua tsis tiav, ntxuav, thiab rov taw tes nrog cov tshuaj khib nyiab tshiab. Tsis txhob ncua - acid raws li cov pob qij txha ua tsis tiav ncaj qha mus rau cov pob zeb.
Cov txheej txheem lub neej nrog kev teeb tsa thiab kev saib xyuas kom zoo: 15-20 xyoo rau cov vuas hauv pem teb, 10-15 xyoo rau kev pabcuam phab ntsa.
